Tuesday, October 20, 2026

Peer Reviewed

Algorithmic bias in Geopolitical Conflict: Egyptian Public's Perceptions on Digital Freedom of Expression

Sara Hassan

Department of Journalism & Mass Communication, American University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt

ORCID: 0000-0002-1825-0097Email: s.hassan@aucegypt.edu
Issue: ISSN: First Published: Sep 17, 2026Open Access

Abstract

This study seeks to to examine the Egyptian public's awareness of the concept of algorithmic bias on social media platforms and generative AI models, regarding content related to the war on Gaza. It conducted a questionnaire to a sample of )400 (respondents to determine the relationship between algorithmic bias and digital freedom. The results concluded that the respondents' perception of algorithmic bias is influenced by the level of education and the intensity of digital platforms usage.

This study seeks to to examine the Egyptian public's awareness of the concept of algorithmic bias on social media platforms and generative AI models, regarding content related to the war on Gaza. It conducted a questionnaire to a sample of )400 (respondents to determine the relationship between algorithmic bias and digital freedom. The results concluded that the respondents' perception of algorithmic bias is influenced by the level of education and the intensity of digital platforms usage. This study seeks to to examine the Egyptian public's awareness of the concept of algorithmic bias on social media platforms and generative AI models, regarding content related to the war on Gaza. It conducted a questionnaire to a sample of )400 (respondents to determine the relationship between algorithmic bias and digital freedom. The results concluded that the respondents' perception of algorithmic bias is influenced by the level of education and the intensity of digital platforms usage.This study seeks to to examine the Egyptian public's awareness of the concept of algorithmic bias on social media platforms and generative AI models, regarding content related to the war on Gaza. It conducted a questionnaire to a sample of )400 (respondents to determine the relationship between algorithmic bias and digital freedom. The results concluded that the respondents' perception of algorithmic bias is influenced by the level of education and the intensity of digital platforms usage.This study seeks to to examine the Egyptian public's awareness of the concept of algorithmic bias on social media platforms and generative AI models, regarding content related to the war on Gaza. It conducted a questionnaire to a sample of )400 (respondents to determine the relationship between algorithmic bias and digital freedom. The results concluded that the respondents' perception of algorithmic bias is influenced by the level of education and the intensity of digital platforms usage.

This study seeks to to examine the Egyptian public's awareness of the concept of algorithmic bias on social media platforms and generative AI models, regarding content related to the war on Gaza. It conducted a questionnaire to a sample of )400 (respondents to determine the relationship between algorithmic bias and digital freedom. The results concluded that the respondents' perception of algorithmic bias is influenced by the level of education and the intensity of digital platforms usage.This study seeks to to examine the Egyptian public's awareness of the concept of algorithmic bias on social media platforms and generative AI models, regarding content related to the war on Gaza. It conducted a questionnaire to a sample of )400 (respondents to determine the relationship between algorithmic bias and digital freedom. The results concluded that the respondents' perception of algorithmic bias is influenced by the level of education and the intensity of digital platforms usage.This study seeks to to examine the Egyptian public's awareness of the concept of algorithmic bias on social media platforms and generative AI models, regarding content related to the war on Gaza. It conducted a questionnaire to a sample of )400 (respondents to determine the relationship between algorithmic bias and digital freedom. The results concluded that the respondents' perception of algorithmic bias is influenced by the level of education and the intensity of digital platforms usage.This study seeks to to examine the Egyptian public's awareness of the concept of algorithmic bias on social media platforms and generative AI models, regarding content related to the war on Gaza. It conducted a questionnaire to a sample of )400 (respondents to determine the relationship between algorithmic bias and digital freedom. The results concluded that the respondents' perception of algorithmic bias is influenced by the level of education and the intensity of digital platforms usage.

This study seeks to to examine the Egyptian public's awareness of the concept of algorithmic bias on social media platforms and generative AI models, regarding content related to the war on Gaza. It conducted a questionnaire to a sample of )400 (respondents to determine the relationship between algorithmic bias and digital freedom. The results concluded that the respondents' perception of algorithmic bias is influenced by the level of education and the intensity of digital platforms usage.This study seeks to to examine the Egyptian public's awareness of the concept of algorithmic bias on social media platforms and generative AI models, regarding content related to the war on Gaza. It conducted a questionnaire to a sample of )400 (respondents to determine the relationship between algorithmic bias and digital freedom. The results concluded that the respondents' perception of algorithmic bias is influenced by the level of education and the intensity of digital platforms usage.This study seeks to to examine the Egyptian public's awareness of the concept of algorithmic bias on social media platforms and generative AI models, regarding content related to the war on Gaza. It conducted a questionnaire to a sample of )400 (respondents to determine the relationship between algorithmic bias and digital freedom. The results concluded that the respondents' perception of algorithmic bias is influenced by the level of education and the intensity of digital platforms usage.This study seeks to to examine the Egyptian public's awareness of the concept of algorithmic bias on social media platforms and generative AI models, regarding content related to the war on Gaza. It conducted a questionnaire to a sample of )400 (respondents to determine the relationship between algorithmic bias and digital freedom. The results concluded that the respondents' perception of algorithmic bias is influenced by the level of education and the intensity of digital platforms usage.

Keywords

Algorithmic BiasAlgorithmsArtificial IntelligenceWar on GazaAudience perception

This study seeks to to examine the Egyptian public's awareness of the concept of algorithmic bias on social media platforms and generative AI models, regarding content related to the war on Gaza. It conducted a questionnaire to a sample of )400 (respondents to determine the relationship between algorithmic bias and digital freedom. The results concluded that the respondents' perception of algorithmic bias is influenced by the level of education and the intensity of digital platforms usage. This study seeks to to examine the Egyptian public's awareness of the concept of algorithmic bias on social media platforms and generative AI models, regarding content related to the war on Gaza. It conducted a questionnaire to a sample of )400 (respondents to determine the relationship between algorithmic bias and digital freedom. The results concluded that the respondents' perception of algorithmic bias is influenced by the level of education and the intensity of digital platforms usage.This study seeks to to examine the Egyptian public's awareness of the concept of algorithmic bias on social media platforms and generative AI models, regarding content related to the war on Gaza. It conducted a questionnaire to a sample of )400 (respondents to determine the relationship between algorithmic bias and digital freedom. The results concluded that the respondents' perception of algorithmic bias is influenced by the level of education and the intensity of digital platforms usage.This study seeks to to examine the Egyptian public's awareness of the concept of algorithmic bias on social media platforms and generative AI models, regarding content related to the war on Gaza. It conducted a questionnaire to a sample of )400 (respondents to determine the relationship between algorithmic bias and digital freedom. The results concluded that the respondents' perception of algorithmic bias is influenced by the level of education and the intensity of digital platforms usage. This study seeks to to examine the Egyptian public's awareness of the concept of algorithmic bias on social media platforms and generative AI models, regarding content related to the war on Gaza. It conducted a questionnaire to a sample of )400 (respondents to determine the relationship between algorithmic bias and digital freedom. The results concluded that the respondents' perception of algorithmic bias is influenced by the level of education and the intensity of digital platforms usage.This study seeks to to examine the Egyptian public's awareness of the concept of algorithmic bias on social media platforms and generative AI models, regarding content related to the war on Gaza. It conducted a questionnaire to a sample of )400 (respondents to determine the relationship between algorithmic bias and digital freedom. The results concluded that the respondents' perception of algorithmic bias is influenced by the level of education and the intensity of digital platforms usage.This study seeks to to examine the Egyptian public's awareness of the concept of algorithmic bias on social media platforms and generative AI models, regarding content related to the war on Gaza. It conducted a questionnaire to a sample of )400 (respondents to determine the relationship between algorithmic bias and digital freedom. The results concluded that the respondents' perception of algorithmic bias is influenced by the level of education and the intensity of digital platforms usage.This study seeks to to examine the Egyptian public's awareness of the concept of algorithmic bias on social media platforms and generative AI models, regarding content related to the war on Gaza. It conducted a questionnaire to a sample of )400 (respondents to determine the relationship between algorithmic bias and digital freedom. The results concluded that the respondents' perception of algorithmic bias is influenced by the level of education and the intensity of digital platforms usage. This study seeks to to examine the Egyptian public's awareness of the concept of algorithmic bias on social media platforms and generative AI models, regarding content related to the war on Gaza. It conducted a questionnaire to a sample of )400 (respondents to determine the relationship between algorithmic bias and digital freedom. The results concluded that the respondents' perception of algorithmic bias is influenced by the level of education and the intensity of digital platforms usage.This study seeks to to examine the Egyptian public's awareness of the concept of algorithmic bias on social media platforms and generative AI models, regarding content related to the war on Gaza. It conducted a questionnaire to a sample of )400 (respondents to determine the relationship between algorithmic bias and digital freedom. The results concluded that the respondents' perception of algorithmic bias is influenced by the level of education and the intensity of digital platforms usage.This study seeks to to examine the Egyptian public's awareness of the concept of algorithmic bias on social media platforms and generative AI models, regarding content related to the war on Gaza. It conducted a questionnaire to a sample of )400 (respondents to determine the relationship between algorithmic bias and digital freedom. The results concluded that the respondents' perception of algorithmic bias is influenced by the level of education and the intensity of digital platforms usage.This study seeks to to examine the Egyptian public's awareness of the concept of algorithmic bias on social media platforms and generative AI models, regarding content related to the war on Gaza. It conducted a questionnaire to a sample of )400 (respondents to determine the relationship between algorithmic bias and digital freedom. The results concluded that the respondents' perception of algorithmic bias is influenced by the level of education and the intensity of digital platforms usage.

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